http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26709883

Sellier PO, Schnepf N, Amarsy R, Maylin S, Lopes A, Mazeron MC, Flateau C, Morgand M, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Berthe A, Simoneau G, Evans J, Souak S, Matheron S, Benifla JL, Simon F, Bergmann JF. Hepatitis B virus status in children born to HIV/HBV coinfected women in a French hospital: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar; 28(3):328-32.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
We assessed hepatitis B virus (HBV) status in children born to HIV/HBV coinfected women with large access to antiretroviral therapy.

METHODS:
All HIV/HBV coinfected pregnant women from 01 January 2000 to 01 January 2012 were included in the retrospective study (NCT02044068). Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and injection of HBV immunoglobulin/vaccine to newborns was recorded. We assessed HBV status of children aged at least 2 years.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one women (35 children) were studied. Twenty-six children (74%) had HBsAb: 22 had received immunoglobulin and 24 had received a complete vaccine (with immunoglobulin in 21 cases); their mothers had been administered lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine during eight and nine pregnancies, respectively. Eight children (23%) were negative for HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb: four (11.5%) had received immunoglobulin and a complete vaccine; in two children, it was not known whether they had received an immunoglobulin injection; in one child, the vaccine was incomplete; and in the last one, it was not known whether he had received immunoglobulin/vaccine. Their mothers had been administered lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine during five and two pregnancies, respectively. No infant has chronic HBV infection (HBsAg) after prenatal mothers' antiretroviral therapy combined with a complete postnatal HBV protection. One child had HBcAb and HBsAb: it was not known whether she had received an immunoglobulin injection; the vaccine was incomplete. The mother had been administered lamivudine during the last trimester of pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:
Antiretroviral therapy in HBV/HIV coinfected women following current national HBV guidelines may prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HBV. Negativity of surrogate markers of vaccine-induced protection is frequent; large studies on long-term protection are needed.