https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37265892/ hepatitis

Review

Cureus. 2023 May 1;15(5):e38388.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.38388.eCollection 2023 May.

From Mystery to Clarity: Uncovering the Possible Cause of Hepatitis Outbreak in Children

Ashritha Rao 1, Mayur B Wanjari 2, Roshan Prasad 3, Pratiksha K Munjewar 4, Ranjana Sharma 4

Abstract

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that can cause liver inflammation and damage. Hepatitis A outbreaks in children are of particular concern due to the potential long-term health effects they can have. In recent years, several outbreaks of hepatitis A have been reported worldwide, affecting mainly children and young adults. Since 2016, hepatitis A outbreaks have been reported in 37 states of the United States alone, involving approximately 44,650 cases, 27,250 hospitalizations, and 415 deaths as of September 23, 2022. The epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in children is complex and multifactorial, with various risk factors such as poor sanitation and hygiene practices, crowded living conditions, low socioeconomic status, lack of vaccination, and travel to endemic areas. Investigations of outbreaks involve identifying suspected cases, laboratory testing, contact tracing, and investigation of possible sources of infection. Contaminated food and water, poor sanitation and hygiene procedures, intimate contact with infected people, and environmental variables are all potential causes of outbreaks in children. Preventive measures include vaccination, improving sanitation and hygiene practices, food safety and inspection, and health education and community outreach programs. Understanding the epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in children and the risk factors associated with infection is essential for developing effective preventive strategies and reducing the global burden of this disease.